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Hello,
I have a single 10" koi that is the sole survivor of a mass die-off from ulcers that killed the rest of my pond back in November/December. The ulcers all developed on the mouth/jaw area and proved fatal to all fish who contracted them, which were all 3" or smaller. (I am not an advanced enough hobbyist to deal with injections & dippings, so I had to let them go). I'm pretty sure the onset was from overcrowding, because as the fish began to be removed from the pond the general onset of ulcers slowed and finally stopped.

This "survivor" fish has been healthy since December and is showing no signs of developing the ulcers again. My question is: is it safe to mix this fish with other koi? I've read that the bacteria that cause ulcers is always present in the water, and it is poor conditions and stress that will make fish susceptible. Is this true? I want to close down my pond and give her away, but don't want to put someone else's fish in danger.

Thanks very much.


Hi Sarah!

The ulcers you describe were most likely caused by an organism called Aeromonas aeruginosa, a bacteria that is always found in pond environments. It is one of the "housekeeping" bacteria that, in a healthy pond, help break down the mucus present in fish excreta and sloughed slime coat.

It becomes a problem in ponds with poor water quality, overcrowding, and parasite problems. The stressed fish lose the ability to defend themselves against normally well-tolerated stresses and develop ulcers. The ulcers disrupt the fish's ability to regulate their fluid and electrolye balance and the combination of the underlying stress, infection and fluid imbalance ultimately kills them.

Your survivor is probably okay at this point, but I'd wait to off-load it until late spring. If it survives the very stressful transition into warmer weather without problems, it is reasonably safe to give away, as long as the ponder you are sending it to is willing to isolate it for several weeks to safeguard the health of his pond.

Bob

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